Annotated Swadesh wordlists for the Baltic group (Indo-European family).

Languages included: Lithuanian, Standard [blt-lit]; Latvian, Standard [blt-lvs].

DATA SOURCES

General (previous publications on Baltic lexicostatistics).

Andronovs 2009 = Andronovs A. 2009. Latgaliešu literārā valoda leksikostatistikas gaismā. In: Via Latgalica: Latgalistikys kongresu materiali, I: 6-16. // An article on Latvian and Latgalian relations (includes Lithuanian, Latvian and Latgalian 100-item lists).

Girdenis & Mažiulis 1994 = Girdenis A., Mažiulis V. 1994. Baltų kalbų divergencinė chronologija. In: Baltistica XXVII (2): 4-12. // An article on the phylogeny of Baltic and Slavic languages (includes 100-item lists for Lithuanian and Prussian).

Zeps 1985 = Zeps V. 1985. Is Slavic a West Baltic language? In: General Linguistics 24(4): 213-222. // An article on Balto-Slavic philogeny (includes Lithuanian, Latvian, Prussian and Old Church Slavonic/Proto-Slavic 100-items lists).

I. Standard Lithuanian

Ambrazas et al. 1997 = Ambrazas et al. 1997. Lithuanian grammar. Vilnius: Vilspa printing house. // A voluminous grammar of the Lithuanian language.

Arkadiev 2007 = Аркадьев П. М. 2007. Глаголы перемещения в воде в литовском языке [Arkadiev P. M. The verbs of motion in water in the Lithuanian language]. In: (ed. Майсак Т. В., Рахилина Е. В.) Глаголы движения в воде: лексическая типология: 315-334.

Baronas I-II = Baronas J. 1967. Rusų-lietuvių kalbų žodynas. Vilnius: Mintis. // Comprehensive Russian-Lithuanian dictionary in two volumes.

Bulygina & Sinyova 2006 = Булыгина Т. В., Синёва О. В. 2006. Литовский язык [The Lithuanian language]. In: (ed. Топоров В. Н. et al.) Балтийские языки: 93-155. Мoscow: Academia.

DLKT 2017 = Dabartinės lietuvių kalbos tekstynas. // Text corpus for modern Lithuanian. Available at: http://tekstynas.vdu.lt/tekstynas/menu?page=about.

DLKŽ 1972 = Dabartinės lietuvių kalbos žodynas. 1972. Vilnius: Mintis. // The explanatory dictionary of the modern Lithuanian.

Derksen 1998 = Derksen R. 1998. Lithuanian mėsà. In: Res Balticae, 1998, pp. 132-137.

Derksen 2015 = Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon. Brill: Leiden – Boston // The dictionary of Lithuanian, Latvian and Prussian words of the Indo-European origin.

Fraenkel I-II = Fraenkel E. Litauisches etymologisches Wörterbuch. Heidelberg – Göttingen: Carl Winter Uniwersitätsverlag, Vanderhoeck & Ruprecht, 1962-1965 // Classical etymological dictionary of the Lithuanian language.

Jaroslavienė 2015 = Jaroslavienė J. Lietuvių kalbos trumpųjų ir ilgųjų balsių kiekybės ir kokybės etalonai. In: Bendrinė kalba (88), 2015.

Lyberis 2001 = Lyberis A. Lietuvių-rusų kalbų žodynas. Vilnius: Mokslo ir enciklopedijų leidybos institutas // Lithuanian-Russian dictionary.

LKA I = Lietuvių kalbos atlasas I. Leksika. Vilnius: Mokslas, 1977 // Lithuanian dialectological atlas.

LTKTŽ 2017 = Lietuvių kalbos tarties žodynas // The pronunciation dictionary of the Lithuanian language. Available at: http://tekstynas.vdu.lt/page.xhtml?id=pronunciation

LKŽ 2017 = Lietuvių kalbos žodynas // The electronic version of comprehensive Dictionary of the Lithuanian language. Available at: http://www.lkz.lt/

Smoczyński 2007 = Smoczyński W. Sɫownik etymologiczny języka litewskiego. Wilno: Printer Polyglot // Modern etymological dictionary of the Lithuanian language.

Urbanavičienė & Indričāne 2015 = Urbanavičienė J., Indričāne I. Lietuvių ir latvių kalbų trankieji priebalsiai: lokuso lygčių rezultatai In: Baltistica (2), 2015, pp. 261–293.

II. Standard Latvian

KLV 1988 = Krievu-latviešu vārdnīca. Rīga: Avots. // Russian-Latvian dictionary.

LVP 1995 = Latviešu valodas pareizrakstības un pareizrunas vārdnīca. Rīga: Avots. // Latvian orthographical and orthoepic dictionary.

Putniņa & Timuška 2001 = M. Putniņa, A. Timuška Sinoles izloksnes salīdzinājumu vārdnīca. Rīga: LU Latviešu valodas institūts. // The dictionary of the Sinole dialect.

Staltmane 2006 = Сталтмане В. Э. Латышский язык [The Latvian language]. In: (ed. Топоров В. Н. et al.) Балтийские языки: 155-193. Moscow: Academia.

In addition we also used the Latvian-Russian parallel corpus, part of the Russian National Corpus. Available at: http://ruscorpora.ru/search-para-lv.html

NOTES

I. Standard Lithuanian

I.1. General.

The following list is compiled for Standard Lithuanian.

I.2. Transliteration.

Lithuanian orthography is transliterated as following:

Lithuanian orthography	GLD
b	b
p	p
v	v
f	f
d	d
t	t
dz	ʒ
c	c
z	z
s	s
dž	ǯ
č	č
ž	ž
š	š
g	g
k	k
m	m
n	n
n before k, g	ŋ
r	r
l	ɫ
u as the second component of diphthongs	w
j, i as the second component of diphthongs	y
y, į	iː
i	ɪ
ie	yɛ
ė	eː
e; a after soft consonant	ɛ
e, ę; a, ą after soft consonant	äː
a, ą	ɑː
a	ɐ
o	oː
o (in some borrowings)	ɔ
uo	wɔ
ū, ų	uː
u	ʊ

Note: all consonants are palatalized before front vowels; palatalization occurring before non-front vowels is marked by the letter 'i' in the orthography.

We transcribe Lithuanian words in a slightly simplified manner. Acute intonation is transcribed as falling tone; circumflex intonation - as rising tone. The transcription system is guided by the following works: [Urbanavičienė & Indričāne 2015; Jaroslavienė 2015] and all the words are transcribed in accordance with the pronunciation dictionary of the Lithuanian language [LTKTŽ 2017].

II. Standard Latvian

I.1. General.

The following list is compiled for Standard Latvian. In the comments we provide some forms of the Sinole dialect, for which, unfortunately, we have not been able to collect a full list.

II.2. Transliteration.

The official Latvian orthography is transliterated as follows:

Latvian orthography	GLD
b	b
p	p
v	v
f	f
d	d
t	t
dz	ʒ
c	c
z	z
s	s
dž	ǯ
č	č
ž	ž
š	š
ģ	ȡ
ķ	ȶ
g	g
k	k
m	m
n	n
ņ	ɲ
r	r
l	l
ļ	ʎ
u, v [at the end of a syllable]	w
j, i	y
i	i
e	ɛ
a	a
o	wɔ
u	u
macron sign	Vː

For the sake of convenience stieptā intonācija is transcribed as mid level tone (ā), krītošā intonācija is written down as rising tone (ǎ), and lauztā intonācija is transcribed as falling tone (â).

Database compiled and annotated by:
Standard Lithuanian: Mikhail Saenko, May 2017.
Standard Latvian: Mikhail Saenko, June 2017.